🔄 Grammar

Voice Change Rules in Bangla – Active to Passive with Examples

✍️ Mohammad Yeasin

📅 July 5, 2026

⏱ 28 min read

📘 Grammar

🔄 Updated: July 5, 2026

Introduction – What is Voice Change?

Voice Change refers to the transformation of a sentence from Active Voice to Passive Voice (or vice versa). In English grammar, there are two types of voice:

Active Voice: The subject performs the action. (কর্তা কাজটি করে)
Passive Voice: The subject receives the action. (কাজটি কর্তার দ্বারা সম্পন্ন হয়)

Understanding voice change is crucial for BCS, Bank Jobs, IELTS, and University Admission exams. It improves your writing skills, makes your English sound more formal or objective, and helps you avoid common grammatical errors.

বাংলায় Voice Change (বাচ্য পরিবর্তন) বলতে Active Voice-কে Passive Voice-এ রূপান্তর করাকে বোঝায়। Active Voice-এ কর্তা কর্ম সম্পাদন করে, আর Passive Voice-এ কর্ম কর্তার দ্বারা সম্পন্ন হয়।

Before diving into Voice Change, make sure you have a clear understanding of English Tenses – because the auxiliary verb used in passive depends entirely on the tense of the active sentence.
📌 ভয়েস চেঞ্জ শেখার আগে – টেন্স সম্পর্কে পরিষ্কার ধারণা থাকা জরুরি।

📌 What you will learn in this guide (এই গাইডে যা থাকছে):

Basic structure of Active and Passive Voice (Active ও Passive-এর মৌলিক গঠন)
Voice change rules for all 12 tenses (সমস্ত টেন্সের নিয়ম)
Rules for modal verbs, imperatives, and interrogatives (Modal, Imperative ও Interrogative-এর নিয়ম)
Special rules for verbs with two objects (দ্বিকর্মক ক্রিয়ার নিয়ম)
Educational diagrams, 20 MCQs, and 4 practical exercises

📊 Figure 1: Voice Change Flowchart (Active → Passive)

Basic Structure of Active and Passive Voice

The fundamental difference between Active and Passive Voice lies in the position and function of the subject and object.

Voice	Structure	Example
Active	Subject + Verb + Object	Rahim eats an apple.
Passive	Object + Auxiliary Verb + V3 + by + Subject	An apple is eaten by Rahim.

            ⚠️ Golden Rule (সুবর্ণ নিয়ম):
            Object of Active → becomes Subject of Passive.
Subject of Active → becomes Object of Passive (with 'by').
Always use Past Participle (V3) of the main verb in Passive.
The auxiliary verb (be) changes according to the tense and the new subject.

        

বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Active Voice-এর Object-কে Passive Voice-এর Subject বানাতে হয়। Active Voice-এর Subject-কে Passive-এ 'by' দিয়ে Object বানাতে হয়। Passive-এ সবসময় মূল Verb-এর V3 (Past Participle) ব্যবহার করতে হয়। Tense ও নতুন Subject অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb (be-verb) বসে।

For a complete guide to the auxiliary verbs used in different tenses, visit our Complete Tenses Guide.

Present Tense Rules (বর্তমান কালের নিয়ম)

1. Present Indefinite Tense – সাধারণ বর্তমান

Structure (গঠন): Object + am/is/are + V3 + by + Subject.

Active	Passive
He writes a letter.	A letter is written by him.
They read books.	Books are read by them.
I eat rice.	Rice is eaten by me.
She teaches English.	English is taught by her.

বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite-এ Passive গঠনে am/is/are বসে। নতুন Subject অনুযায়ী am (I), is (He/She/It), are (We/You/They) ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

2. Present Continuous Tense – বর্তমান নিরন্তর

Structure (গঠন): Object + am/is/are + being + V3 + by + Subject.

Active	Passive
He is writing a letter.	A letter is being written by him.
They are reading books.	Books are being read by them.
I am eating rice.	Rice is being eaten by me.

বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Continuous-এ Passive গঠনে am/is/are + being বসে। Being শব্দটি চলমানতা বোঝাতে সাহায্য করে।

3. Present Perfect Tense – বর্তমান পুরাঘটিত

Structure (গঠন): Object + has/have + been + V3 + by + Subject.

Active	Passive
He has written a letter.	A letter has been written by him.
They have read books.	Books have been read by them.
She has eaten rice.	Rice has been eaten by her.

বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Perfect-এ Passive গঠনে has/have + been বসে। Has (He/She/It), Have (I/We/You/They) ব্যবহার হয়।

Past Tense Rules (অতীত কালের নিয়ম)

1. Past Indefinite Tense – সাধারণ অতীত

Structure (গঠন): Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject.

Active	Passive
He wrote a letter.	A letter was written by him.
They read books.	Books were read by them.
I ate rice.	Rice was eaten by me.

বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite-এ Passive গঠনে was/were বসে। Was (I/He/She/It), Were (We/You/They) ব্যবহার হয়।

2. Past Continuous Tense – অতীত নিরন্তর

Structure (গঠন): Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject.

Active	Passive
He was writing a letter.	A letter was being written by him.
They were reading books.	Books were being read by them.

3. Past Perfect Tense – অতীত পুরাঘটিত

Structure (গঠন): Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject.

Active	Passive
He had written a letter.	A letter had been written by him.
They had read books.	Books had been read by them.

Future Tense Rules (ভবিষ্যৎ কালের নিয়ম)

1. Future Indefinite Tense – সাধারণ ভবিষ্যৎ

Structure (গঠন): Object + will/shall + be + V3 + by + Subject.

Active	Passive
He will write a letter.	A letter will be written by him.
They will read books.	Books will be read by them.

💡 Note: Modern English uses will for all persons. Shall is used only with I/We in very formal British English.

2. Future Perfect Tense – ভবিষ্যৎ পুরাঘটিত

Structure (গঠন): Object + will have + been + V3 + by + Subject.

Active	Passive
He will have written a letter.	A letter will have been written by him.
They will have read books.	Books will have been read by them.

Modal Verbs (Can, Could, May, Might, Should, Must, etc.)

Structure (গঠন): Object + Modal Verb + be + V3 + by + Subject.

Active	Passive
He can write a letter.	A letter can be written by him.
She should read the book.	The book should be read by her.
They must obey the rules.	The rules must be obeyed by them.
I could solve the problem.	The problem could be solved by me.

বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal Verb-এর পর Passive-এ be + V3 বসে। Modal verb (can, could, may, might, should, must, etc.) অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

Imperative Sentences (Order, Request, Advice) – অনুজ্ঞাসূচক বাক্য

Imperative sentences usually begin with a verb. They can express orders, advice, requests, or prohibitions.

a) Order / Advice (আদেশ / পরামর্শ)

Structure: Let + Object + be + V3.

Active	Passive
Write the letter.	Let the letter be written.
Read the book.	Let the book be read.
Close the door.	Let the door be closed.

b) Request (অনুরোধ)

Structure: You are requested to + V1 + Object.

Active	Passive
Please help me.	You are requested to help me.
Please sit down.	You are requested to sit down.

c) Prohibition (Do not / নিষেধ)

Structure: You are forbidden to + V1 + Object. / Let not + Object + be + V3.

Active	Passive
Do not smoke.	You are forbidden to smoke.
Do not open the door.	Let not the door be opened.

Interrogative Sentences (Questions) – প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য

When changing questions into passive, the auxiliary verb moves to the beginning of the sentence.

a) Yes/No Questions (গুরুত্বপূর্ণ)

Structure: Auxiliary verb (is/am/are/was/were/has/have/had/will) + Object + be + V3 + by + Subject?

Active	Passive
Is he writing a letter?	Is a letter being written by him?
Did he write the letter?	Was the letter written by him?
Has he written the letter?	Has the letter been written by him?

b) Wh-Questions (Who, Whom, What, Which, etc.)

Who (Active Subject) → By whom + Auxiliary + Object + be + V3?
Whom (Active Object) → Who + Auxiliary + be + V3 + by + Subject?
What / Which (Object) → What/Which + Auxiliary + be + V3 + by + Subject?

Active	Passive
Who wrote the letter?	By whom was the letter written?
Whom did he help?	Who was helped by him?
What did he write?	What was written by him?

Verbs with Two Objects (Double Objects) – দ্বিকর্মক ক্রিয়া

Some verbs take two objects: a Direct Object (what) and an Indirect Object (to whom / for whom). Examples: give, send, buy, tell, teach, show, etc.
For more on this topic, check out our Narration Guide to understand how reporting verbs work.

Two ways to change the voice:

Option 1: Make the Indirect Object the subject (more common in Bengali).
Option 2: Make the Direct Object the subject (common in English).

Active	Passive (Indirect → Subject)	Passive (Direct → Subject)
I gave him a book.	He was given a book by me.	A book was given to him by me.
She told me a story.	I was told a story by her.	A story was told to me by her.
We sent them a gift.	They were sent a gift by us.	A gift was sent to them by us.

📌 BCS & Bank Exam Tip: In exams, always check which object the question expects you to use. Usually, the Indirect Object (the person) is preferred as the subject in Passive Voice for Bengali speakers.

For a deeper understanding of subject-object relationships, read our Subject-Verb Agreement Guide.

Summary Table – All Tense Structures (সারসংক্ষেপ ছক)

Tense / Verb	Active Structure	Passive Structure
Present Indefinite	Subject + V1(s/es) + Obj.	Obj. + am/is/are + V3 + by + Sub.
Present Continuous	Sub. + am/is/are + Ving + Obj.	Obj. + am/is/are + being + V3 + by + Sub.
Present Perfect	Sub. + has/have + V3 + Obj.	Obj. + has/have + been + V3 + by + Sub.
Past Indefinite	Sub. + V2 + Obj.	Obj. + was/were + V3 + by + Sub.
Past Continuous	Sub. + was/were + Ving + Obj.	Obj. + was/were + being + V3 + by + Sub.
Past Perfect	Sub. + had + V3 + Obj.	Obj. + had + been + V3 + by + Sub.
Future Indefinite	Sub. + will + V1 + Obj.	Obj. + will + be + V3 + by + Sub.
Future Perfect	Sub. + will have + V3 + Obj.	Obj. + will have + been + V3 + by + Sub.
Modal Verbs	Sub. + Modal + V1 + Obj.	Obj. + Modal + be + V3 + by + Sub.
Imperative (Order)	V1 + Obj.	Let + Obj. + be + V3
Imperative (Request)	Please V1 + Obj.	You are requested to V1 + Obj.

            🔑 Quick Tip (সহজ টিপস):
            Continuous forms always have being in the passive.
Perfect forms always have been in the passive.
Future and Modal forms have be (not been/being).
Imperatives use Let or You are requested/ordered.

        

Common Mistakes & Corrections (সাধারণ ভুল ও সংশোধন)

❌ Common Mistake	✅ Correction	বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা
The letter is write by him.	The letter is written by him.	Passive-এ সবসময় V3 (Past Participle) ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
A story was told to I.	A story was told to me.	Preposition (to) এর পরে Object Form (me) বসে, Subject (I) নয়।
The book is being read by he.	The book is being read by him.	Preposition 'by' এর পরে Object Form (him) বসে।
Let the homework do.	Let the homework be done.	Let এর পরে be + V3 বসে।
By whom the letter was written?	By whom was the letter written?	Interrogative Passive-এ Auxiliary Verb (was) Subject-এর আগে বসে।
He is known by me.	He is known to me.	কিছু Verb (know, meet) এর সাথে 'by' না হয়ে 'to' ব্যবহার হয়। (ব্যতিক্রম)

💡 Did you know? Some verbs like know, meet, marry, oblige take 'to' instead of 'by' in passive voice. Example: He is known to me. (Not 'by me').

Grammar Exercises (4 Practical Sets)

Practice what you've learned with these four exercise sets. Answers are revealed below each set.

📝 Exercise 1: Active to Passive (Active থেকে Passive বানান)

1. She helps the poor. → (Answer: The poor are helped by her.)

2. He is reading a novel. → (Answer: A novel is being read by him.)

3. They have completed the project. → (Answer: The project has been completed by them.)

4. I will write a letter. → (Answer: A letter will be written by me.)

5. The boy broke the window. → (Answer: The window was broken by the boy.)

🔍 Answers: 1. The poor are helped by her. 2. A novel is being read by him. 3. The project has been completed by them. 4. A letter will be written by me. 5. The window was broken by the boy.

📝 Exercise 2: Passive to Active (Passive থেকে Active বানান)

1. The song is sung by her. → (Answer: She sings the song.)

2. The food was being cooked by my mother. → (Answer: My mother was cooking the food.)

3. The letter has been posted by him. → (Answer: He has posted the letter.)

4. The work will be done by them. → (Answer: They will do the work.)

5. The house was built by the engineer. → (Answer: The engineer built the house.)

🔍 Answers: 1. She sings the song. 2. My mother was cooking the food. 3. He has posted the letter. 4. They will do the work. 5. The engineer built the house.

📝 Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks (সঠিক Passive Form বসান)

1. English ______ (speak) all over the world. → (is spoken)

2. The thief ______ (catch) by the police yesterday. → (was caught)

3. The homework ______ (finish) by the students. → (has been finished)

4. The car ______ (repair) by the mechanic now. → (is being repaired)

5. The letter ______ (send) tomorrow. → (will be sent)

🔍 Answers: 1. is spoken 2. was caught 3. has been finished 4. is being repaired 5. will be sent

📝 Exercise 4: Error Correction (ভুল শনাক্ত ও সংশোধন)

1. The book is read by me. → (Correct: The book is read by me. – No error)

2. The food was being eat by him. → (Correction: was being eaten)

3. The work has been do by them. → (Correction: has been done)

4. The window was break by the boy. → (Correction: was broken)

5. The letter will sent by her. → (Correction: will be sent)

🔍 Answers: 1. No error. 2. was being eaten. 3. has been done. 4. was broken. 5. will be sent.

Frequently Asked Questions (প্রায়শই জিজ্ঞাসিত প্রশ্ন)

What is Voice Change in grammar?

Voice Change means transforming a sentence from Active Voice to Passive Voice or vice versa. Active Voice focuses on the subject doing the action, while Passive Voice focuses on the object receiving the action.

What is the basic structure of Active and Passive Voice?

Active Voice: Subject + Verb + Object. Passive Voice: Object + Verb (be + V3) + by + Subject. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

How do I change Voice in Present Indefinite Tense?

In Present Indefinite, the passive structure is: Object + am/is/are + V3 + by + Subject. For example, Active: He writes a letter. Passive: A letter is written by him.

Is Voice Change important for BCS and bank jobs?

Yes, Voice Change is a very common topic in BCS, Bank Job, and University admission exams. It appears in multiple-choice questions, error detection, and transformation sections.

What are the exceptions in Voice Change?

Intransitive verbs (verbs without objects) cannot be changed into passive voice. Also, some stative verbs like 'have', 'belong', 'seem' are rarely used in passive form.

How to change imperative sentences into passive?

For orders or advice, use 'Let + object + be + V3'. For requests, use 'You are requested to + V1 + object'. For prohibitions (Do not), use 'You are forbidden to' or 'Let not + object + be + V3'.

What is the rule for changing questions into passive?

In interrogative sentences, the auxiliary verb (is/am/are/was/were/has/have/had/will) moves to the beginning. For 'Who' questions, use 'By whom'. For 'Whom' questions, change to 'Who' in passive.

Can I change every active sentence into passive?

No. Only transitive verbs (verbs that take an object) can be changed. Intransitive verbs (e.g., sleep, die, arrive) do not have objects and therefore cannot be converted to passive voice.